[Renal failure stages as predictors of mortality following acute coronary syndrome]. / El grado de insuficiencia renal como predictor de mortalidad tras un síndrome coronario agudo.

INTRODUCTION: renal glomerular filtration rate on hospital admission in patients presented with an acute coronary syndrome as a predictor for mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study analysed 290 patients admitted on hospital with an acute coronary syndrome during one year (2003). Renal function was estimated using the renal glomerular filtration rate by the MDRD formula. Patients were stratified in three groups: patients with a GFR > or = 60 ml/min/1,73 m2; n = 186, patients with GFR < 60 or > 30; n = 93 and patients with GFR < 30; n = 11. RESULTS: 66.6% of patients were males and 66.5% were older than 65 years old. 54.5% suffered from hypertension and 39% were diabetics. All patients with GFR < 30 ml/min had an acute coronary syndrome without elevation of ST segment. They were the oldest with a major proportion of previous cardiovascular events as cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease or myocardial infarction. Diagnostic procedures and treatments were less administered in patients with GFR < 30 ml/min. Although in the univariate analysis demonstrated that hospital mortality was related to GFR < 30 ml/min, sex, ageing, Killip > 1, ventricular function and cTnT elevation, only GFR < 30 ml/min, ageing, heart failure and ventricular dysfunction persisted significant in the multivariate analysis. Hospital mortality was 27.3% in patients with GFR < 30 ml/min, 7.5% in patients with GFR between 30-60 ml/min and 3.8% in patients with a GFR > or = 60 ml/min. Mortality after two years follow up was 27.3% in patients with GFR < 30 ml/min, 20.4% in patients with GFR between 30-60 ml/min and 10.2% in patients with a GFR > or = 60 ml/min. Mortality (hospital mortality and after two years of follow up) was increased in patients with GFR< 30 ml/min, ageing, heart failure and diabetes after adjusted for other prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: A reduced glomerular filtration rate is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. Estimation of the renal glomerular filtration rate might be used as prognostic value in these patients.

Renal failure stages as predictors of mortality following acute coronary syndrome

Introducción: determinar el filtrado glomerular al ingreso como predictor de mortalidad tras un Síndrome Coronario Agudo (SCA). Pacientes y método: se analizaron 290 pacientes que ingresaron por SCA durante el año 2003. Se valoró la función renal al ingreso mediante la fórmula de estimación del Filtrado Glomerular (FG) MDRD. Se estratificaron en tres grupos: pacientes con FG ≥60 ml/min/1,73 m2; n = 186, pacientes con FG <60 y >_30; n = 93 y pacientes con FG <30; n = 11. Resultados: todos los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min presentaron un SCA sin elevación del segmento ST, los cuales eran de edad más avanzada con mayor prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares previos (accidente vascular cerebral, de arteriopatía periférica, y de infarto de miocardio). La realización de pruebas diagnósticas fue menor. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 27,3% en los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min, 7,5% en los pacientes con FG entre 30 y 60 ml/min, y del 3,8% en los pacientes con FG ≥60 ml/min. Tras dos años de seguimiento, la mortalidad fue del 27,3% en los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min, del 20,4% en los pacientes con FG entre 30 y 60 ml/min, y del 10,2% con FG ≥60 ml/min. Al ajustar por otras variables pronósticas, los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min presentaron una mayor mortalidad tanto durante el ingreso como en el seguimiento a dos años. Conclusiones: la reducción del FG es un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad tras un SCA. El uso de las fórmulas de estimación del FG en el seguimiento de dichos pacientes tiene valor pronóstico (AU)

Introducción: determinar el filtrado glomerular al ingreso como predictor de mortalidad tras un Síndrome Coronario Agudo (SCA). Pacientes y método: se analizaron 290 pacientes que ingresaron por SCA durante el año 2003. Se valoró la función renal al ingreso mediante la fórmula de estimación del Filtrado Glomerular (FG) MDRD. Se estratificaron en tres grupos : pacientes con FG >_60 ml/min/1,73 m2; n = 186, pacientes con FG <60 y >_30; n = 93 y pacientes con FG <30; n =11. Resultados: todos los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min presentaron un SCA sin elevación del segmento ST, los cuales eran de edad más avanzada con mayor prevalenc ia de eventos cardiovasculares previos (accidente vascular cerebral , de arteriopatía periérica, y de infarto de miocardio) . La realización de pruebas diagnósticas fue menor. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del27,3% en los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min, 7,5% en los pacientes con FG entre 30 y 60 ml /min, y del 3,8% en los pacientes con FG >_60 ml/min. Tras dos años de seguimiento, la mortalidad fue del 27,3% en los pacientes con FG <30 ml/min, del 20,4% en los pacientes con FG entre 30 y 60 ml /min, y del 10,2% con FG >_60ml /min. Al ajustar por otras variables pronósticas , los pacientes con FG <30 ml /min presentaron una mayor mortalidad tanto durante el ingreso como en el seguimiento a dos años . Conclusiones : la reducción del FG es un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad tras un SCA. El uso de las fórmulas de estimación del FG en el seguimiento de dichos pacientes tiene valor pronóstico (AU)

Cardiopatía isquémica microvascular en distrofia miotónica / Microvascular ischemic heart disease in myotonic dysthrophy

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Complete heart block in an adult with systemic lupus erythematosus and recent onset of hydroxychloroquine therapy.

Complete heart block (CHB) is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mainly seen during an acute flare-up of the disease or after high-dose long-term treatment with antimalarial drugs, although anti-Ro and anti-RNP antibodies have also been implied by some authors. A 40-y-old woman developed CHB in the context of an acute flare-up of SLE, first diagnosed three years ago, having recently commenced hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment. Anti-Ro and anti-RNP antibodies were also positive. No features of myocarditis were found. A temporary pacemaker was required and complete resolution was achieved on steroid therapy with withdrawal of antimalarial therapy. The characteristics of previous cases are well publicised and discussion focuses on the possible aetiology and pathogenesis of the present case.

[Right ventricular outflow obstruction due to a giant pseudoaneurysm of the anterior descending coronary artery in a patient with Behçet's disease]. / Obstrucción del tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho por un seudoaneurisma gigante de la arteria coronaria descendente anterior en un paciente con enfermedad de Behçet.

Giant pseudoaneurysms of coronary arteries in patients with Behçet's disease is a uncommon finding. It has been described exceptionally in the literature. We present a case of giant pseudoaneurysm of the left anterior descending coronary artery with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow in a patient with Behçet's disease. He improved after surgical resection and steroid treatment.

[Severe digoxin poisoning. The successful use of the classic treatment]. / Intoxicación grave por digoxina. Utilización exitosa del tratamiento clásico.

In our environment, the use of Fab antibodies for digoxin intoxication is often difficult due to the low availability of this drug in most centers. We present a case of massive digoxin intoxication that was successfully managed with the classic treatment. Later, we discuss the need to individualize the management of this kind of intoxications in order to reduce, when possible, sanitary costs.

[Myocardial infarction after electroconvulsive therapy]. / Infarto agudo de miocardio tras terapia electroconvulsiva.

Myocardial infarction is an uncommon complication of electroconvulsive therapy. Because of this, in spite of the existence in psychiatric literature of some studies about this question, the knowledge in this regard by most cardiologists is scarce. We present a patient with an acute myocardial infarction after the application of a electroconvulsive therapy. In the end, we accomplish review of the literature in relation to incidence, physiology, prevention and indication or not of fibrinolytic drugs in acute myocardial infarction after electroconvulsive therapy.

[The use of oral amiodarone as a chronic treatment in a patient with prior fulminant hepatitis due to intravenous amiodarone]. / Uso de amiodarona oral como tratamiento crónico en un paciente con hepatitis fulminante previa por amiodarona intravenosa.

Acute hepatitis for intravenous amiodarone is an uncommon problem with scarce appearances in medical literature. Sometimes, it has postulated that the vehicle of the intravenous preparation and not the active principle is the possible cause of this complication. We report a patient with fulminating hepatitis and severe encephalopathy following the administration of intravenous amiodarone. We present also the clinical evolution of the patient after reintroduction of oral amiodarone. In the end, we make a review of the associated literature with our case.

[A complete atrioventricular block and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia as the initial manifestation of secondary amyloidosis]. / Bloqueo auriculoventricular completo y taquicardia ventricular polimorfa como manifestación inicial de amiloidosis secundaria.

Cardiac injury is a frequent characteristic in primary, senile and myeloma related amyloidosis, but it is unusual in secondary amyloidosis. We report a patient with complete atrioventricular block and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia as the initial manifestation of secondary amyloidosis. Necropsy demonstrated amyloidosis deposits in the specific conduction system.